Psychological factors, such as depression and low self-esteem may, in some cases, also play a role in weight gain. A sedentary lifestyle, particularly prevalent in affluent societies, such as in the United States, can contribute to weight gain. Most fat calories are immediately stored in fat cells, which add to the body's weight and girth as they expand and multiply. Carbohydrates like cereals, breads, fruits, and vegetables and protein (fish, lean meat, turkey breast, skim milk) are converted to fuel almost as soon as they are consumed. Recent studies have indicated that the amount of fat in a person's diet may have a greater impact on weight than the number of calories it contains. Eating habits and patterns of physical activity also play a significant role in the amount of weight a person gains. A genetic predisposition to weight gain, however, does not automatically mean that a person will be obese. Studies of adoptees confirm this relationship-the majority of adoptees followed a pattern of weight gain that more closely resembled that of their birth parents than their adoptive parents. Genetic factors significantly influence how the body regulates the appetite and the rate at which it turns food into energy (metabolic rate). However, the exact cause is not as clear and likely arises from a complex combination of factors. The mechanism for excessive weight gain is clear-more calories are consumed than the body burns, and the excess calories are stored as fat (adipose) tissue.
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